Terminology

L/O: To explore media terminology used to analyse exam texts.

CameraWork 

• establishing shots- An establishing shot is a shot in filmmaking or television that sets up the context for the scene ahead, designed to inform the audience where the action will be taking place. It shows the relationship between people and objects, and establishes the scene's geography.
• low angle- Low Angle shots are shot from below the eye line looking up. Low angle shots can also be used to give the audience a sense that they are sharing the character's perspective, especially when they are looking up at something. Another reason low angle shots are used in film is to make actors appear taller.
• high angle- A high-angle shot is a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up". High-angle shots can make the subject seem vulnerable or powerless when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects.
• carried angle
• aerial angle- An aerial shot is a shot that's taken from an elevated vantage point than what is framed in the shot. Aerial shots gives viewers a deeper understanding of what is happening below, both literally and metaphorically.
• elaborate camera movement such as tracks, stadium or crane shots 
• hand held camera- Hand-held cameras are used because they are conveniently sized for travel and because they allow greater freedom of motion during filming.Purposeful use of this technique is called shaky camera and can be heightened by the camera operator during filming, or artificially simulated in post-production.
• point of view shots- A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera).The technique of POV is one of the foundations of film editing.
• shallow focus/focus pulls- Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus.The opposite of shallow focus is deep focus, in which the entire image is in focus.

Editing 

• shot/reverse shot- Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.
• Juxtaposition- Juxtaposition is the film editing technique of combining of two or more shots to evoke an idea or state of mind. A montage can be a juxtaposition of two shots, but commonly refers to the juxtaposition of multiple shots to depict an event often in stretched or condensed time.
• non-continuously shot- Non-continuity editing is when shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space. This draws the audiences' attention to the process of cutting and disturbs the illusion of 'reality'. An example is the use of flash backs.
• crosscutting- Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and usually in the same place. In a cross-cut, the camera will cut away from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case.
• fast paced action-  A fast shutter speed is essential to freeze motion.Start by putting your camera into Shutter Priority mode and choosing a shutter speed of 1/500 of a second. This is a good starting point and should be fast enough for most sports and action.
• less common transition dissolve- In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve (sometimes called a lap dissolve) is a gradual transition from one image to another. The terms fade-out (also called fade to black) and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image.
• wipe- A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape. ... The following are some specific styles of wipes: An iris slow is a wipe that takes the shape of a growing or shrinking circle.
• fade- A video fade is when a shot gradually fades to (or from) a single colour, usually black or white. A fade is different to a crossfade, which is a transition directly between two shots rather than one shot to a colour.For example, a shot fades very quickly to white before fading back into the next shot.
• postproduction effects 

SoundTrack

• music
• diegetic/non-diegetic- Diegetic sound is a noise which has a source on-screen. They are noises which have not been edited in, for example dialogue between characters or footsteps. Another term for diegetic sound is actual sound. Non-diegetic sound is a noise which does not have a source on-screen, they have been added in.
• sound effects
• sound bridge- A sound bridge is a type of sound editing that occurs when sound carries over a visual transition in a film. This type of editing provides a common transition in the continuity editing style because of the way in which it connects the mood, as suggested by the music, throughout multiple scenes.
• voice over- Voice-over (also known as off-camera or off-stage commentary) is a production technique where a voice that is not part of the narrative (non-diegetic) is used in a radio, television production, filmmaking, theatre, or other presentations.

Mise/en/scene

• lighting (especially/low-key/lighting)
• location/set
• costume and makeup
• props
• casting and production style 
• blocking (composition of the element in the shot)- Shot composition is more than arranging scene elements in a camera frame. It is an art that combines those elements to advance the story, reveal character and create emotion. Knowing the rules of shot composition and using them well can keep your audience engaged from beginning to end.